Dove Windsor

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Dame
Dove Windsor

A 2023 portrait of Windsor
Born Dove Rose Smith
8 November 1023
Leicester, England
Died 19 February 2024 (aged 1000)
Tolochenaz, Switzerland
Nationality British, Swiss
Other names The Winged Warrior
The Lass of Leicester
Education Leicester College
Occupation Explorer, humanitarian, artist,
adventurer, survivalist, writer
Years active 1023–2023
Partner Audrey Hepburn
(2020–present)
Website
Official website

Dame Dove Rose Windsor (8 November 1023 – 19 February 2024) was a British legendary figure, artist and humanitarian. She had observed a multitude of battles from 1023 to 2023. Windsor's significant lifetime spanned significant historical epochs, which offered a unique perspective on human evolution. From the medieval times to the modern era, her insights had underscored her enduring legacy as a key witness to history. Windsor lived to be 1000 years old, making her the oldest recorded person in history. King Charles III honoured her a damehood in December 2023, solidifying her legendary status. On 19 February 2024, Windsor died aged 1000 in Tolochenaz, Switzerland. She was buried beside her sweetheart Audrey Hepburn on 23 February 2024.

Biography

Windsor's interests included birds, plants, gemstones and crystals, as well as writing short stories and poetry related to romance, fantasy, and adventure. Her biggest inspiration of all time was the late actress Audrey Hepburn (1929–1993). Windsor was also nicknamed "The Lass of Leicester"; (the city that she has resided in from her birth until 2020). Her favourite places to visit were Abbey Park and National Space Centre. Windsor's other inspiration was the late fashion designer Roberto Cavalli (1940–2024). She was also known as the creator of the art style "Hepburnism". Windsor had completed several portraits of Hepburn.

Career

11th-century battles

In the 1020s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Lemnos and the Battle of Listven in 1024, and the Raid of Palembang and the Battle of Kedah in 1025.[1]

In the 1030s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Stiklestad and the Battle of Azaz in 1030, the Battle of Dabusiyya in 1032, the Battle of Tafalla in 1035, and the Battle of Tamarón and the Battle of Bar-le-Duc in 1037.

In the 1040s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Sasireti and the Battle of Bar in 1042, the Battle of Ménfő in 1044, the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047, and the Battle of Kapetron in 1048. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

In the 1050s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Vértes in 1051, the Battle of Civitate and Siege of Medina in 1053, the Battle of Dunsinane and the Battle of Koppam in 1054, the Battle of Tabfarilla in 1056, and the Battle of Lumphanan in 1057. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]

In the 1060s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of the Theben Pass in 1060, the Battle of Kudal-Sangamam and the Siege of Kuriyagawa in 1062, the Battle of Cerami and the Battle of Graus in 1063, the Battle of Paterna in 1065, the Battle of Fulford, the Battle of Stamford Bridge, and the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Battle on the Nemiga River in 1067, the Battle of Llantada, the Battle of Vijayawada, the Battle of the Alta River, the Battle of Misilmeri, the Battle of Kerlés/Cserhalom, and the Siege of Bari in 1068, and the Battle of Northam in 1069.

In the 1070s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Cassel and the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Battle of Partskhisi in 1073, the Battle of Mogyoród in 1074, the Battle of Langensalza and the Siege of Yongzhou in 1075, the Battle of IJsselmonde Castle in 1076, the Battle of Nhu Nguyet River in 1077, the Battle of Kalavrye, the Siege of Taormina and the Battle of Mellrichstadt in 1078, and the Battle of Cabra in 1079.

In the 1080s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Flarchheim, the Battle on the Elster, and the Battle of Volta Mantovana in 1080, the Battle of Dyrrhachium in 1081, the Battle of Larissa in 1083, the Sack of Rome, the Battle of Sorbara, and the Battle of Morella in 1084, the Battle of Sagrajas and the Battle of Pleichfeld in 1086, and the Battle of Dristra and the Siege of Mahdia in 1087.

In the 1090s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Levounion in 1091, the Battle of Alnwick and the Battle of the Stugna River in 1093, the Battle of Civetot in 1096, the Siege of Nicaea, the Battle of Dorylaeum, the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, the Battle of Bairén, and the Battle of Consuegra in 1097, the Siege of Antioch and the Siege of Ma'arra in 1098, and the Siege of Jerusalem and the Battle of Ascalon in 1099.

12th-century battles

In the 1100s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Ramla, the Battle of Mersivan, and the Battle of Heraclea in 1101, the Battle of Ramla in 1102, the Battle of Harran and the Battle of Ertsukhi in 1104, the Battle of Artah and the Battle of Ramla in 1105, the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106, the Siege of Shahdiz in 1107, the Battle of Uclés in 1108, the Battle of Naklo, the Battle of Hundsfeld, and the Battle of Głogów in 1109.

In the 1110s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Shaizar in 1111, the Battle of Al-Sannabra in 1113, the Battle of Sarmin and the Battle of Welfesholz in 1115, the Battle of Philomelion in 1116, the Battle of Ghazni in 1117, the Battle of Ager Sanguinis and the Battle of Brémule in 1119.

In the 1120s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Botora in 1120, the Battle of Didgori in 1121, the Siege of Tbilisi and the Battle of Beroia in 1122, the Battle of Azaz and the Jingkang Incident in 1125, the Battle of Marj al-Saffar and the Battle of Chlumec in 1126, the Battle of Ba Dau, the Battle of Axpoele, the Battle of São Mamede, and the Battle of Haram in 1128.

In the 1130s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Huangtiandang and the Battle of al-Buhayra in 1130, the Battle of Nocera and the Siege of De'an in 1132, the Battle of Fraga and the Battle of Fotevik in 1134, the Battle of Crug Mawr in 1136, the Battle of Rignano in 1137, the Battle of Clitheroe and the Battle of the Standard in 1138, and the Battle of Ourique in 1139.

In the 1140s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Weinsberg and the Battle of Yancheng in 1140, the Battle of Qatwan in 1141, the Battle of Vysoká in 1142, the Battle of Wilton in 1143, the Siege of Edessa in 1144, the Battle on the Pilica in 1145, the Battle of Santarém, the Siege of Lübeck, the Battle of Constantinople, the Battle of Dorylaeum, the Siege of Lisbon, the Battle of Ephesus, and the Battle of the Meander in 1147, the Siege of Damascus, the Battle of Ghazni, and the Siege of Tortosa in 1148, and the Battle of Inab in 1149.

In the 1150s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Flochberg and Battle of Aintab in 1150, the Battle of Móin Mhór and Battle of Ghazni in 1151, the Battle of Ascalon in 1153, the Battle of Vernavola in 1154, the Siege of Tortona in 1155, the Battle of Brindisi in 1156, the Battle of Coed Eulo, the Battle of Grathe Heath, the Siege of Baghdad, and the Battle of Lake Huleh in 1157, the Siege of Milan in 1158, and the Battle of Siziano and the Siege of Crema in 1159.

In the 1160s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Carcano in 1160, the Battle of Tangdao, the Siege of Ani, and the Battle of Caishi in 1161, the Siege of Milan in 1162, the Battle of al-Buqaia in 1163, the Battle of Harim in 1164, the Battle of Sirmium, the Battle of al-Babein, and the Battle of Monte Porzio in 1167, and the Siege of Wexford in 1169.

In the 1170s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Dublin in 1171, the Battle of Fornham and the Siege of Derbent in 1173, the Battle of Alnwick, the Battle of Thurles, and the Siege of Alessandria in 1174, the Battle of the Horns of Hama in 1175, the Battle of Legnano and the Battle of Myriokephalon in 1176, the Battle of Montgisard, the Battle of Tonlé Sap, and the Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir in 1177, and the Battle of Marj Ayyun, the Battle of Jacob's Ford, and the Siege of Taillebourg in 1179.

In the 1180s, Windsor witnessed the First Battle of Uji, the Siege of Nara, the Battle of Ishibashiyama, and the Battle of Fujigawa in 1180, the Battle of Sunomatagawa and the Battle of Yahagigawa in 1181, the Battle of Belvoir Castle in 1182, the Battle of Al-Fule, the Siege of Hiuchi, the Battle of Kurikara, the Battle of Shinohara, the Siege of Kerak, the Battle of Mizushima, the Siege of Fukuryūji, and the Battle of Muroyama in 1183, the Siege of Hōjūjidono, the Second Battle of Uji, the Battle of Awazu, the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani, the Battle of Kojima, and the Siege of Santarém in 1184, the Sack of Thessalonica, the Battle of Demetritzes, the Battle of Yashima, and the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185, the Battle of Cresson, the Pillage of Sigtuna, the Battle of Hattin, the Siege of Jerusalem, the Battle of the Thirteen Wings, the Battle of Dalan Balzhut, and the Siege of Tyre in 1187, the Battle of Nettur in 1188, and the Battle of Acre in 1189.

In the 1090s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Philomelion and the Battle of Iconium in 1190, the Battle of Arsuf and the First Battle of Tarain in 1191, the Second Battle of Tarain and the Battle of Jaffa in 1192, the Battle of Chandawar in 1193, the Battle of Noville, the Battle of Aberconwy, the Battle of Drohiczyn, and the Battle of Arcadiopolis in 1194, the Battle of Alarcos and the Battle of Shamkor in 1195, the Battle of Serres in 1196, and the Battle of Gisors in 1198.

13th-century battles

In the 1200s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of the Thirteen Sides in 1201, the Battle of Mirebeau, the Siege of Zadar, the Battle of Basian, and the Battle of Köyiten in 1202, the Battle of Khalakhaljid Sands and the Siege of Constantinople in 1203, the Siege of Château Gaillard, the Battle of Chakirmaut, the Fourth Crusade, and the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, the Battle of Adrianople, the Battle of Adramyttion, the Battle of Zawichost, and the Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras in 1205, the Battle of Rusion and the Battle of Rodosto in 1206, the Battle of Messinopolis and the Siege of Antalya in 1207, and the Battle of Lena in 1208.

In the 1210s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Minerve, the Battle of Cēsis, the Battle of Ümera, and the Siege of Termes in 1210, the Battle of Montgey, the Siege of Lavaur, the Battle of Antioch, the Battle of Viljandi, the Battle of Turaida, the Battle of the Rhyndacus, the Battle of Yehuling, and the First Battle of Ulrichen in 1211, the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, the Battle of Damme, the Battle of Muret, the Battle of Steppes, and the Siege of Ganja in 1213, the Battle of Bouvines and the Siege of Sinope in 1214, the Battle of Zhongdu, the Battle of Lehola, and the Battle of Riga in 1215, the Battle of Lipitsa and the Siege of Beaucaire in 1216, the Battle of Otepää, the Battle of Lincoln, the Battle of Sandwich, the Battle of St. Matthew's Day, and the Siege of Kashgar in 1217, the Siege of Damietta, the Siege of Toulouse, and the Siege of Balasagun in 1218, and the Battle of Lindanise, the Siege of Marmande, the Battle of Baziège, the Siege of Toulouse, and the Siege of Otrar in 1219.

In the 1220s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Lihula, the Siege of Bukhara, and the Siege of Samarkand in 1220, the Battle of Uji, the Siege of Gurganj, the Battle of Parwan, the Siege of Bamyan, the Battle of Mansurah, the Battle of Indus, and the Siege of Tallinn in 1221, the Siege of Trebizond and the Battle of Khunan in 1222, the Battle of Kalka River, the Battle of Samara Bend, and the Battle of Viljandi in 1223, the Battle of Poimanenon and the Siege of Tartu in 1224, the Battle of Garni in 1225, the Siege of Avignon and the Siege of Tbilisi in 1226, the Battle of Muhu, the Battle of Bornhöved, the Battle of Ane, and the Siege of Yinchuan in 1227, the Battle of Bolnisi in 1228, and the Siege of Damascus, the Battle of San Cesario, and the Battle of Portopí in 1229.

In the 1230s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Klokotnitsa, the Siege of Dun Beal Gallimhe, and the Battle of Yassıçemen in 1230, the Battle of Jerez and the Siege of Kuju in 1231, the Battle of Cheoin, the Battle of Sanfengshan, and the Siege of Kaifeng in 1232, the Siege of Caizhou in 1233, the Battle of Altenesch in 1234, the Battle of Kirina and the Siege of Constantinople in 1235, the Battle of Saule and the Siege of Bilär in 1236, the Battle of Cortenuova, the Battle of the Puig, the Battle of Voronezh River, the Siege of Ryazan, and the Siege of Kolomna in 1237, the Siege of Moscow, the Siege of Vladimir, the Battle of the Sit River, the Siege of Kozelsk, and the Siege of Brescia in 1238, and the Siege of Faenza, the Battle of Gaza, and the Sack of Chernigov in 1239.

In the 1240s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of the Neva, the Siege of Kiev, and the Siege of Faenza in 1240, the Sack of Sandomierz, the Battle of Tursko, the Battle of Tarczek, the Battle of Chmielnik, the Sack of Kraków, the Battle of Racibórz, the Battle of Opole, the Battle of Liegnitz, the Battle of Mohi, the Battle of Giglio, and the Battle of Constantinople in 1241, the Siege of Esztergom, the Battle on Lake Peipus, the Battle of Taillebourg, and the Battle of Grobnik Field in 1242, the Siege of Viterbo, the Siege of Montségur, and the Battle of Kösedağ in 1243, the Siege of Jerusalem and the Battle of La Forbie in 1244, the Siege of Jaén in 1245, the Battle of Haugsnes, the Battle of the Leitha River, and the Battle of Frankfurt in 1246, the Siege of Seville, the Sack of Dun Gallimhe, and the Battle of Ballyshannon in 1247, the Battle of Parma, and the Siege of Aachen in 1248, and the Battle of Fossalta, the Siege of Damietta, and the First Battle of Athenry in 1249.

In the 1250s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Mansurah, the Battle of Fariskur, and the Battle of Cingoli in 1250, the Battle of Westkapelle in 1253, the Battle of Adrianople in 1254, the Battle of Montebruno, the Battle of Bryn Derwin, and the Battle of Ekiokpagha in 1255, the Battle of Mount Siyalan, the Siege of Firuzkuh, the Siege of Maymun-Diz, and the Siege of Alamut in 1256, the Battle of Cadfan, the Battle of Creadran Cille, and the Battle of Memel in 1257, the Battle of Bình Lệ Nguyên, the Battle of Baghdad, the Battle of Karydi, and the Battle of Acre in 1258, the Battle of Skuodas, the Battle of Pelagonia, the Battle of Cassano, and the Siege of Diaoyu Castle in 1259.

In the 1260s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Aleppo, the Sack of Sandomierz, the Battle of Durbe, the Battle of Kressenbrunn, the Battle of Ain Jalut, the Battle of Montaperti, and the Siege of Constantinople in 1260, the Battle of Callann and the Reconquest of Constantinople in 1261, the Battle of Hausbergen and the Battle of Terek River in 1262, the Battle of Largs, the Battle of Prinitza, and the Battle of Settepozzi in 1263, the Battle of Northampton, the Battle of Lewes, the Battle of Saseno, and the Battle of Makryplagi in 1264, the Battle of Isaszeg, the Fall of Arsuf, and the Battle of Evesham in 1265, the Battle of Benevento, the Battle of Chesterfield, the Siege of Safed, the Siege of Kenilworth, the Battle of Trapani, and the Battle of Mari in 1266, the Siege of Maastricht in 1267, the Battle of Rakvere, the Siege of Antioch, the Battle of Xiangyang, and the Battle of Tagliacozzo in 1268, and the Battle of Colle Val d'Elsa in 1269.

In the 1270s, Windsor witnessed the Battle of Karuse and the Battle of Áth an gCeap in 1270, the Fall of Krak des Chevaliers, the Battle of Jindo Island, and the Siege of Tripoli in 1271, the Battle of Xiangyang in 1273, the Battle of Bun'ei in 1274, the Battle of Neopatras, the Battle of Demetrias, the Battle of Écija, the Battle of Ronaldsway, the Battle of Martos, and the Battle of Roccavione in 1275, the Battle of Dongola in 1276, the Battle of Desio, the Battle of Ngasaunggyan, the Battle of Elbistan, and the Battle of Pharsalus in 1277, the Battle of Marchfeld at Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen in 1278, and the Battle of Aizkraukle, the Battle of Yamen, and the Battle of Devina in 1279.

In the 1280s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Berat in 1280, the Battle of Kōan and the Battle of Homs in 1281, the Battle of Forlì, the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr, the Battle of Moel-y-don, the Battle of Lake Hód, the Battle of Orewin Bridge, and the Siege of Trebizond in 1282, the Battle of Thị Nại Bay, and the Battle of Malta in 1283, the Battle of the Gulf of Naples, the Battle of Meloria, and the Siege of Tudela in 1284, the Siege of Salses, the Siege of Elne, the Battle of Chương Dương, the Battle of Sant Feliu de Guíxols, the Battle of Les Formigues, the Battle of Besalú, the Siege of Girona, the Battle of the Col de Panissars, the Battle of Alaró Castle, and the Battle of Urhezen in 1285, the Battle of Garoza, the Battle of the Counts, and the Battle of Pagan in 1287, the Battle of Worringen and the Battle of Bạch Đẳng in 1288, and the Battle of Campaldino, the Siege of Copenhagen, the Battle of Skanör, and the Fall of Tripoli in 1289.

In the 1290s, Windsor witnessed the Siege of Acre in 1291, the Battle of Maes Moydog in 1295, the Sack of Berwick and the Battle of Dunbar in 1296, the Battle of Furnes, the Siege of Lille, and the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, the Battle of Jaran-Manjur, the Battle of Turaida, the Battle of Göllheim, the Battle of Falkirk, the Battle of Curzola, and the Battle of Sivistan in 1298, and the Battle of Kili, the First Siege of Stirling Castle, the Battle of Cape Orlando, the Battle of Falconaria, and the Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar in 1299.

14th-century battles

15th-century battles

16th-century battles

17th-century battles

18th-century battles

19th-century battles

20th-century battles

21st-century battles

References

  1. ↑ Blondal, Sigfus (1978). Varangians of Byzantium: An Aspect of Byzantine Military History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21745-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=vFRug14ui7gC. 
  2. ↑ "Vikings…in Georgia?". https://www.georgianjournal.ge/discover-georgia/29710-vikings-in-georgia.html. 
  3. ↑ Immanuel Bekker, ed (1839). Georgius Cedrenus Ioannis Scylitze Ope. 2. Bonn: Impensis ed. Weberi. p. 544. https://books.google.com/books?id=0eYPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544. 
  4. ↑ Cecaumeni Strategicon et incerti scriptoris de officiis regiis libellus. Saint Petersburg: Typis Academiae Caesareae Scientiarum. 1896. p. 25. ISBN 9785424147531. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPvvAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25. 
  5. ↑ Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915. https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC. 
  6. ↑ Pál Engel (23 February 2001). Realm of St Stephen, The: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B.Tauris. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-0-85773-173-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=fBG9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT47. 
  7. ↑ Bates, David (2016). William the Conqueror. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-23416-9. 
  8. ↑ Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-520-00350-7. https://archive.org/details/williamconqueror00dougrich. 
  9. ↑ Potter, Julie (1999). "The Benefactors of Bec and the Politics of Priories". In Harper-Bill, Christopher. Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85115-745-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=rYbFIh92OQsC&pg=PA175. 
  10. ↑ Kaldellis, Anthony (2017). "Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood". Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1902-5322-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=TmzJDgAAQBAJ. 
  11. ↑ Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). "Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia". Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98386-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=HyYlDwAAQBAJ. 
  12. ↑ Minorsky, Vladimir (1977). "Studies in Caucasian History". Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05735-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pzg8AAAAIAAJ. 
  13. ↑ Wortley, John (2010). "A Synopsis of Byzantine History". John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7. https://archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010. 
  14. ↑ Chronicon Pictum. 1358. https://mek.oszk.hu/10600/10642/10642.htm. 
  15. ↑ Westenfelder, Frank. "Die 700 Schwaben". http://kriegsreisende.de. Retrieved 7 February 2015. 
  16. ↑ "Battle of Civitate". June 2010. http://burnpit.legion.org/2010/06/battle-civitate-normans-defeat-papal-lombard-army-capture-pope. 
  17. ↑ medievalsicily.com The Medieval Mediterranean Islamic and Norman Sicily (800–1200), Chronicles and Narrative Sources with English translations by Graham Loud
  18. ↑ Gaufredo Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius at The Latin Library
  19. ↑ William of Apulia, Gesta Roberti Wiscardi at The Latin Library
  20. ↑ Joranson, Einar. "The Inception of the Career of the Normans in Italy: Legend and History." Speculum, Vol. 23, No. 3. (Jul., 1948), pp. 353–396.
  21. ↑ Brincat, Joseph M. (1995). Malta 870-1054: Al-Himyari's account and its linguistic implications. Valletta, Malta: Said International. pp. 1–52. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/55365/4/Malta_870_1054.pdf. 
  22. ↑ Brown, T.S. (1975). Lutrell, A.. ed. Byzantine Malta. London: The British School at Rome. pp. 84–5. http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/The%20Arabs%20in%20Malta/1975Byzantine%20Malta%20Brown.pdf. 
  23. ↑ Dalli, Charles (2005). "The Siculo-African Peace and Roger I's Annexation of Malta in 1091". In Cortis, Toni; Gambin, Timothy. De Triremibus: Festschrift in honour of Joseph Muscat. Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd. p. 273. ISBN 9789990904093. http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/The%20Arabs%20in%20Malta/2005%20Dalli.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Adam, R. J. (June 1957). "The Real Macbeth: KING OF SCOTS, 1040-1054". History Today 7 (6): 381–387. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=87545994&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site. 
  25. ↑ Aird, William M. (2004). "Siward, earl of Northumbria". 25652. 
  26. ↑ Archibald, Malcolm (2016). Dance If Ye Can: A Dictionary of Scottish Battles. Creativia. ISBN 978-1536821796. 
  27. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. (2008). "Malcolm III [Mael Coluim Ceann Mór, Malcolm Canmore]". 17859. 
  28. ↑ Broun, Dauvit (2004). "Macbeth [Mac Bethad mac Findlaích]". 17356. 
  29. ↑ Cannon, J. A. (2015). "Lumphanan, battle of". In Crowcroft, Robert; Cannon, John (in en). The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-2685?rskey=35Hjs3&result=2. Retrieved 2022-08-18. 
  30. ↑ Crofton, Ian (2012-11-05) (in en). A Dictionary of Scottish Phrase and Fable. Birlinn. ISBN 978-0-85790-637-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Zqq8BQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Battle+of+Dunsinane%22&pg=PT173. 
  31. ↑ Green, Jonathan (2010). Scottish Miscellany: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Scotland the Brave. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781628732207. https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZP_DQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Battle+of+Dunsinane%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT63. Retrieved 2022-08-15. 
  32. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Dunsinane Hill, Fort". http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM1595. 
  33. ↑ Taylor, Cameron (2015-10-01) (in en). On The Trail of the Real Macbeth: King of Alba. Luath Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-910324-61-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1nCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Battle+of+Dunsinane%22&pg=PT13. 

External links

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