Deleted:Base-2 scientific notation

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Base-2 scientific notation is exponential notation based on the power of two. Here the form and function of space and time, measurement, operates in the range between the Planck length and the edges of the observable universe.

Base-ten scientific notation has been widely studied and used to depict the universe in colorful ways. In 1957 Kees Boeke opened that door with the publication of Cosmic View and others have followed. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University gives Boeke credit for their effort called "Secret Worlds: The Universe Within." Perhaps the most colorful presentation is an independent effort done by Cary and Michael Huang. NASA and Caltech maintain a website that keeps Boeke's original work alive. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum did their own special production of Cosmic View for their 150th anniversary (the 20th for the museum). The producers, Jeffrey Marvin and Bayley Silleck, engaged Morgan Freeman to narrate and IMAX to distribute it.

Base-2 scientific notation is more granular and relational. It is an ordering system for information. A didactic example is given within the substantial work that has been done in mathematics, particularly geometry. Base-2 scientific notation should not be confused with the base-2 numeral system, the foundational data structure of most computers and computing. Although exponential notation has key applications within computer programming, its use in other disciplines to order data and information has wider implications within education.

Base-2 scientific notation in geometry uses nested hierarchies of objects, particularly space-filling polyhedra and other basic structures that create polyhedral clusters and apply combinatorial geometries.

The process

Of the platonic solids, the tetrahedron is a simple starting point. At the human scale, take as a given that the initial measurement of each edge is just one meter. That object is divided to create one column of increasingly smaller objects and multiplied by 2 to create another column of increasingly larger objects. If one starts at the Planck length, it would always be multiplied by 2. And, if one were to start at the edges of the observable universe, the result would always be divided by 2.

The limits of base-2 scientific notation

As stated and worth reinforcing, there are known limits. Again, starting at the human scale, going within, the limit of the smallest division is the Planck length (1.616199(97)x10−35m). It is reached in 110 notations by dividing by 2. Going out through multiplication, the limit is to the edges of the observable universe (1.6x1021 m). It is reached in 96 notations multiplying by 2. The result is 206 notations, similar to the orders of magnitude using base-10 scientific notation where some guess there are as few as 40 notations while others as many as 56.

The extension of numbers begins at the Planck constant, also known as the Planck length, and Planck unit.

Diversity

With each successive division and multiplication, base-2 scientific notation within geometry expands to include the other four basic platonic solids. The Archimedean and Catalan solids, and other regular polyhedron are readily encapsulated simply by the number of available points at each notation. Although Cambridge University maintains a database of some of the clusters and cluster structures, the magnitude of points available at each notation in the small-scale universe opens the possibilities to be all inclusive.

Base-2 scientific notation in geometry involves every form and application of geometry and geometric structures. In his book, Space Structures, Their Harmony and Counterpoint,[1] Arthur Loeb analyzes Dirichelt Domains (Voronoi diagram) in such a way that space-filling polyhedra can be distorted (non-symmetrical) without changing the essential nature of the relations within structure (Chapters 16 & 17).

There is no necessary and conceptual limitation of the diversity of embedded or nested objects.[2]

Geometers

Geometers throughout time—people like Pythagoras, Euclid, Euler, Gauss, Buckminster Fuller, Robert Williams, Károly Bezdek, John Horton Conway, and thousands of others have contributed to this knowledge of geometric diversity. These manifestations of structure are well-documented within many notations (see Buckyballs and Carbon Nanotubes, using electron microscopy). The Frank–Kasper phases[3] (1958) including the Weaire–Phelan polyhedral structure have even been used within the human scale for architectural modelling and design, i.e. see the Beijing National Aquatics Centre in China.

Constants and universals

There are constants, inheritance (in the legal sense as well as that used within object-oriented programming) and extensibility between notations. Each notation has its own rule sets.[4] Taking the universe as a whole, from the smallest to the largest, this polyhedral cluster has been described as dodecahedral by astrophysicist Jean-Pierre Luminet at the Observatoire de Paris.

Polyhedral combinatorics is a subgroup of base-2 scientific notation in geometry.

206 notations

From the human scale, in 96 steps of multiplying, one reaches the edges of the observable universe, the largest possible representational geometric number. In 110 steps of dividing, one enters the area of Planck's constant, the smallest possible representational geometric number.

In 206 notations every scientific discipline is necessarily related between notations. Every act of dividing and multiplying involves the formulations and relations of nested objects, embedded objects and space filling. All structures are necessarily related. Every aspect of the academic inquiry from the smallest scale, to the human scale, to the large scale is defined within one of these 206 notations. Both calotte model of space filling and the pleisohedron of space filling are used and continuity, symmetry, and harmony are taken as given to define order, relations, and dynamics respectively.

Geometries within base-2 scientific notations have been applied to virtually every academic discipline from game theory, computer programming, metallurgy, physics, psychology, econometric theory, linguistics [5] and, of course, cosmological modeling.

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. Loeb, Arthur (1976). Space Structures – Their harmony and counterpoint. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. pp. 169. ISBN 0-201-04651-2. http://books.google.com/books/about/Space_structures_their_harmony_and_count.html?id=B5UFAAAAMAAJ. 
  2. Thomson, D'Arcy (1971). On Growth and Form. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 119ff. ISBN 0 521 09390. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Arcy_Wentworth_Thompson. 
  3. Frank, F. C.; Kasper, J. S. (1958). "Complex alloy structures regarded as sphere packings. I. Definitions and basic principles". Acta Crystall. 11Template:Inconsistent citations . Frank, F. C.; Kasper, J. S. (1959). "Complex alloy structures regarded as sphere packings. II. Analysis and classification of representative structures". Acta Crystall. 12Template:Inconsistent citations 
  4. Smith, Warren D. (2003). "Pythagorean triples, rational angles, and space-filling simplices". [1]. 
  5. Gärdenfors, Peter (2000). Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought. MIT Press/Bradford Books. ISBN 9780585228372. http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=10193. 

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